Students:

H 1.1   describe and assess the significance of key people, groups, events, institutions, societies and sites within their historical context

H 2:1    explain historical factors and assess their significance in contributing to change and continuity in the ancient world

H 3.1   locate, select and organise relevant information from a variety of sources

H 3.2   discuss relevant problems of sources for reconstructing the past

H 3.3   analyse and evaluate sources for their usefulness and reliability

H 3.4   explain and evaluate differing perspectives and interpretations of the past

H 3.5   analyse issues relating to ownership and custodianship of the past

H 3.6   plan and present the findings of historical investigations, analysing and synthesising information from a range of sources

H 4.1   use historical terms and concepts appropriately

H 4.2   communicate a knowledge and understanding of historical features and issues using appropriate oral and written forms.

Students learn to:

·         comprehend and analyse a range of archaeological and written sources relevant to the core study of the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum

·         use sources to reconstruct aspects of life in Pompeii and Herculaneum in AD 79

·         evaluate the implications of gaps in the evidence for reconstructing life in Pompeii and Herculaneum in AD 79

·         describe and assess different methods used by archaeologists, historians and other specialists to investigate the sites over time

·         evaluate different representations of Pompeii and Herculaneum over time

·         discuss relevant issues of conservation and reconstruction; custodianship of the sites and the display of human remains

·         present the findings of investigations of key features or issues relevant to the study of Pompeii and Herculaneum

·         communicate effectively in oral and written forms to describe and analyse features and issues of the study.

Ancient History Core: Pompeii and Herculaneum

Pompeii and Herculaneum (Background information)

When Vesuvius erupted on 24 August 79 AD it engulfed the two flourishing Roman towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum, as well as the many rich villas in the area. Since the mid 18th century these have been progressively uncovered and made accessible to the public.

The vast expanse of the commercial town of Pompeii contrasts with the restricted but better preserved remains of the holiday resort of Herculaneum, whilst the superb wall paintings of the Villa Oplontis at Torre Annunziata give a vivid impression of the opulent life-style of the wealthier citizens of the early Roman Empire.

It’s an old city near the vesuvio’s descents. In 79 a.C. was totally covered by lava; later discovered again by Grecian, and dedicated to ercole in 1709. The excavatins were inordinate and still today uncompleted, but we could admire a theater and some thermal baths.

Pompeii

Archaeology

The site of Pompeii is located in western Italy in a region called Campania, near the Bay of Naples. With the coast to the west and the Apennine Mountains to the east, Campania is a fertile plain, traversed by two major rivers and blessed with soil rich in phosphorus and potash. In ancient times, the region’s crop yield was six times higher than the average of the rest of the peninsula. Campania was so fertile that some areas had up to three grain crops per year. The region also hosted some of Italy’s chief olive groves, and the mountains nourished thousands of sheep.

Bibliography

http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/sites/europe/pompeii.html

http://www.ondaverde.it/ercolanoi.htm

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Progress Report 2.

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Essay.

ancient-history-essaysatveersingh

Question

Discuss the impact of the Greek religion & Mythology on the development of the roman religion and Mythology.

The cliffs on the east edge of Masada are about 1,300 feet (400 m) high and the cliffs on the west are about 300 feet (90 m) high. The top of the plateau is flat and rhomboid-shaped, about 1,800 feet (550 m) by 900 feet (275 m).. Three narrow, winding paths led from below up to fortified gates. Masada is located at the top of an isolated rock on the edge of the Judean Desert and the Dead Sea valley

 *An overview of Roman Rule in Judaea and the organisation of a province

The Roman Rule lasted from AD 6 to AD 638 and the land was conquered by the Arabic nation. They say that Conquring masada was a lesson that never to mess with the Romans. The Jewish were Treated poorly and were Charged extra tax.

*The cause of conflict between Jews and Romans

it was becuase the Jews tried to Conquer Rome but Failed… and then the Romans used the Jews as Slaves

*Who and what were the Sicarii (Jewish Rebels)?

During Civil war in Jewish History Jerusalem perished to the Roman General, The Sicarii (Assassins) or Dagger men so-called because of the daggers (sica) they carried, arose about 54 CE, according to Josephus, as a group of bandits who kidnapped

*The occupation of Masada

The Occupation of masada was Mainly Jews until the Dispute with the Jews and the Romans there was Mass suicide within Masada during the Siege of the Land

*Josephus and his Jewish War

Well in Revolt hey had basically made there own army Jews were killed in Caesarea, Scythopolis, Ascolon, Tyre, Alexandri. Josephus ends up turning collaborationist for the Romans.

*The archaeological evidence on tWehe site of Masada and the work of Yigael Yadin

Yigael Yadin was born in Jeruslaem and joined the Haganah in 1933, for a living he Observed and Broke down Key stratigies used in Combat (war) and after he left the Army him and his Son became famous Archelogists he had Discovered Masada the Deadsea Scrolls And Many more..

*The military campaign (strategy and tactics) and the role of Flavius Silva (Roman commander)

Flavius Silva  Was a Late Roman General who had taken part of the Siege of masada he was the Person who had Implemented the Stratige of Boxing in the jews of masada with Giant Walls

(C) Satveer Singh!

• How is evidence of the past destroyed?

 The process of natural decay over centuries has destroyed much of the evidence of the past. Also thing’s like floods, earthquakes, volcanoes and other natural disasters have affected antiquity  

• What roles are played by natural processes and human agency?

 Natural process is things like Decay, Natural disasters, Barbarian tribes have also destroyed many things through out antiquity. They say in the modern era the main aspect that damages the Antiquity artefacts is pollutants and construction.   

• How does tourism contribute to the destruction and preservation?

 Tourism is a Major! Aspect in the damaging of Artefacts why? Because tourist touch walk take photographs etc. and that can affect the artefact it may not look or sound like so much damage but what happens when there is 100’s of people visiting that site weekly and they all touch or break something. Soon enough there will be nothing left  

• How is evidence of the past preserved?

 The survival of physical artefacts (remains) from the past as dependant on how much and what is it made of, where it was found also things like the weather at that particular site, has there been warfare in that particular area.  

• How is evidence rediscovered?

 The process of Rediscovering an artefact is when science combines with Archaeology and they do scientific excavations at knows sites of human occupations (layers of human activity below the ground).  The Main causes of damaging Antiquity. 

Pollution:

 Pollutants in many different forms because artefacts to sometimes decay for example (listed in the Antiquity 1) air pollution in the form of emissions from traffic and industry combine to create Acid rain. This eats through sand stone. This has been seen in Athens on the Acropolis statue  

Warfare:

 This can affect artefacts in many ways not just physically damaging but looting is also a major aspect when it comes to damaging of Artefacts.   

Pictures.  (Acropolis)

Bibliography Book: Third addition Antiquity 1 Past perspectives

What are the main types of sources?

• Archaeological
• Written

What kinds of questions need to be asked of archaeological sources?

• What is it?
• In a context was it found?
• Can it be accurately dated?
• How its Condition does affect its Interpretation?
• Is it Reliable and/or Useful in providing Evidence about the past?

Do these questions differ from the questions asked of written sources? Why?

1. The Questions asked to the Written Sources are

• What type of written Sources is it?
• Who wrote it and when?
• what was the writers Purpose
• who was the intended audience?
• is it Reliable
• Is it useful in providing evidence about the Period?

     2.  How do they differ?

·         They Differ because the Archaeological Questions are more about the Context of what was found But the Writers is about what was recorded when it was found.

What is meant by the saying that ‘historical writings reveal more about the author than the events or personalities being related’?

• It Means that sometimes the Writer is more bias towards others and write to his perspective

Go on-line and find one example of an ancient written source and one ancient archaeological source. Analyze each one 

 Written Source

The Rosetta stone

•  The Rosetta stone was the key that unlocked the mysteries of Egyptian hieroglyphics.
• Napoleon’s troops discovered it in 1799 near the seaside town of Rosetta in lower Egypt
•  It eventually made its way into the British Museum in London where it resides today.
•  It is a slab of black basalt dating from 196 BC.

Questions to be asked about the Rosetta stone?

1. What type of written Sources is it?

·         The Rosetta stone is a Translation that Translated Egyptian hieroglyphicsTo Greek and French

1. Who wrote it and when?

·         It is assumed to be written in the 196 B.C by the Egyptians

1. what was the writers Purpose

·         The Rosetta Stones Purpose is to translate hieroglyphics into our English.

1. Who was the intended audience?

·         Everyone?

1. is it Reliable

·         The Rosetta stone is a Old artifact and is most probably accurate

1. Is it useful in providing evidence about the Period?

·         Yes because it helps Archaeology uncover more about the Egyptians and the inscriptions on the walls etc.  

Ancient archaeological source

King Tut! Tomb

• What is it?

It is not the grandest tomb in Egypt, and was certainly not occupied by one of Egypt’s most powerful rulers.

• In a context was it found?

It was found within a Pyramid.

• Can it be accurately dated?

1325 BC was the Approximation of King Tuts Death

• How its Condition does affect its Interpretation?

The condition was well preserved

• Is it Reliable and/or Useful in providing Evidence about the past?

Yes because it out lines how old a Person can become a king, the health of the people at that time and Many more…

 © Satveer Singh!